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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2003) - Baker Island (2005)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2003) z Baker Island (2005)

 Sao Tome and Principe (2003)Baker Island (2005)
 Sao Tome and PrincipeBaker Island
Administrative divisions 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995		 -
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.7% (male 42,480; female 41,411)


15-64 years: 48.3% (male 41,043; female 43,986)


65 years and over: 4% (male 3,197; female 3,766) (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish -
Airports 2 (2002) 1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 1.4 sq km


land: 1.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy. The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.
Birth rate 41.87 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $58 million


expenditures: $114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.)		 -
Capital Sao Tome -
Climate tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Coastline 209 km 4.8 km
Constitution approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 -
Country name conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Baker Island
Currency dobra (STD) -
Death rate 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $253.8 million (2000) -
Dependency status - unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands -
Diplomatic representation in the US Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580 -
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program -
Economy - overview This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 28 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices brighten prospects for 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic that substantial petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 15.81 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 17 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 41.2%


hydro: 58.8%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 8 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion no natural fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) -
Exchange rates dobras per US dollar - NA (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999), 6,883.24 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Maria das NEVES (since 7 October 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA%		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil -
Exports - partners Netherlands 30.1%, Poland 11.8%, Canada 9.7%, Germany 7.5%, Philippines 7.5%, Spain 7.5%, Belgium 6.5%, France 4.3%, Portugal 4.3% (2002) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia the flag of the US is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $200 million (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 25%


industry: 10%


services: 65% (1999 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 7 00 E 0 13 N, 176 31 W
Geography - note the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
Highways total: 320 km


paved: 218 km


unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products -
Imports - partners Portugal 51.4%, Germany 10.1%, UK 7.6%, Belgium 6.3% (2002) -
Independence 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber -
Infant mortality rate total: 46.04 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 48.07 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 43.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2002) -
Irrigated land 100 sq km (1998 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) -
Labor force NA -
Labor force - by occupation population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing


note: shortages of skilled workers		 -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 2%


permanent crops: 41%


other: 57% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages Portuguese (official) -
Legal system based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 66.28 years


male: 64.79 years


female: 67.82 years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.3%


male: 85%


female: 62% (1991 est.)		 -
Location Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 78,595 GRT/99,873 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 15, chemical tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Egypt 1, Greece 1, Kenya 1, Portugal 1, Syria 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Military branches Army, Navy, Security Police -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $400,000 (FY01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.8% (FY01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 36,905 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 19,443 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1975) -
Nationality noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean		 -
Natural hazards NA the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources fish, hydropower guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Net migration rate -2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 175,883 (July 2003 est.) uninhabited


note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 3.18% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Santo Antonio, Sao Tome none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist) -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 4,600 (2000) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,942 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (2002) -
Terrain volcanic, mountainous low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Total fertility rate 5.88 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Transportation - note - there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none -
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